The Effects of Alloying Elements on the properties of Steels

Alloying element	Mechanical Properties																Magnetic Properties
Alloying element
Silicon	↑	↑	↑↑	↓	~	↓	↑↑↑	↑	↓	↓	↓↓↓	↓	↓	↓	↓	–	↓↓	↑↑	↓↓	–	↓↓
Manganese in pearlitic steels	↑	↑	↑	~	~	~	↑	~	↑	~	↓↓	↑	↓	~	~	–
Manganese in austenitic steels	↓↓↓	↑	↓	↑↑	~	~	~	~	↑↑	~	–	↓↓↓	↓↓↓	↓↓		–	not magnetic
Chromium	↑↑	↑↑	↑↑	↓	↓	↓	↑	↑	↓↓↓	↑↑	↑	↓	~	↓↓↓	↑↑	↑↑↑			↑	↑↑
Nickel in pearlitic steels	↑	↑	↑	~	~	~	~	↑	↓↓	~	↓↓	↓	↓	↓	–	–			↑↑	↑↑
Nickel in austenitic steels	↓↓	↑	↓	↑↑↑	↑↑↓	↑↑↑	~	↑↑↑	↓↓	~	~	↓↓↓	↓↓↓	↓↓	–	↑↑	not magnetic
Aluminium	–	–	–	–	↓	↓	~	~	~	~	~	↓↓	~	↓↓	↑↑↑	–			↑↑	↑↑
Tungsten	↑	↑	↑	↓	↓	~	~	↑↑↑	↓↓	↑↑	↑↑↑	↓↓	↓↓	↓↓	↑	–			↑↑↑	↑↑↑
Vanadium	↑	↑	↑	~	~	↑	↑	↑↑	↓↓	↑↑↑↑		↑	~	↓	↑	↑
Cobalt	↑	↑	↑	↓	↓	↓	~				↑↑↑	↓	~	↓	–	–		↑↑	↑↑↑	↑↑↑
Molybdenum	↑	↑	↑	↓	↓	↑	~	↑↑	↓↓	↑↑↑	↑↑	↓	↓	↑↑	↑↑	–			↑
Copper	↑	↑	↑↑	~	~	~	–	↑	–	–	–	↓↓↓	~	~	–	↑
Sulphur	–	–	–	↓	↓	↓	–	–	–	–	–	↓↓↓	↑↑↑	–	–	↓
Phosphorous	↑	↑	↑	↓	↓	↓↓↓	–	–	–	–	–	↓	↑↑	–	–	–
↑ = Increase ↓ = Reduction ~ = Contant – = Not characteristic or unknown effect Several at arrows = More intensive

Effects of Alloying Elements